Re-imagining Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil unearths a crisis of imagination at Penn

The University of Pennsylvania and the Rockefeller Foundation marked the 50th Anniversary of their groundbreaking 1958 Conference on Urban Design Criticism by holding an international symposium on the Penn campus on November 6 - 8.

Fifty years after the first Urban Design conference at Penn, the subject was revisited on the threshold of at least two relatively unexpected events that will have a massive impact on life as we know it. Peak oil and global climate change threaten to overturn our notion of the normal, the usual, and the pace of change at the dawn of the third millennium.

Urban design after the age of oil may have to wait until urban designers get over their inability to wrap their finely tuned aesthetic minds around the Black Swans of the end of cheap oil, the possibility of global energy and resource insufficiency, and the vagaries and uncertainties of global climate change.

After two days at Penn, watching, listening, questioning and commenting in the company of a stellar cast of international speakers, precious little new information emerged to illuminate what urban design might look like after the age of (cheap) oil.

What happened to the topic after a promising opening by Professor of Urban Design, Dean Emeritus of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Design, Gary Hack, and Judith Rodin, President of the Rockefeller Foundation, is anybodies guess. Although global climate change was mentioned a bit I didn't hear nearly as much about the end of oil except for a public complaint about it's absence. That came from Trudeau Foundation Fellow, William Rees of British Columbia's SCARP in Vancouver on the last day of the conference, and was greeted by applause.

As a sustainability advocate who has spent half a decade grappling with a host of related energy issues (and over twenty years coming to grips with environmental issues at a critical threshold, approaching phase change) the enormity of the design challenge seemed to have escaped the attention of most of the otherwise talented and often brilliant presenters.

A presentation at the start of the second day of the conference, Managing Cities After the Age of Oil, promised one inescapable topic that I had looked forward to hearing. I had hoped to be able to take home nuggets of sound advice to my second-class Pennsylvania township from the top leaders in managing cities. But, with the exception of Clive Doucet, a "maverick" Councillor from Ottawa, none seemed prepared for managing a city after the age of oil. Doucet seemed well aware of the need for a plan but admitted that Ottawa was, as yet, virtually unprepared for peak oil.

I posed a simple direct question on the subject to Andrew Altman, Deputy Mayor of Economic Development for the City of Philadelphia, arguably the eighth greenest city in America. "If Philly was threatened", I asked, "by a sudden, unexpected interruption of petroleum fuel supplies that could last at least for a month, what is the plan for coping? His answer was that there was none, and his facial expression seemed to confirm that fact.

Perhaps the answers to this egregious lapse of focus lie in two areas. Emotionally, few of us are prepared to accept the inevitability, let alone the uncertainties of the hazards that could accompany peak oil and global climate change. It's likely that the stages of grief (more appropriately known as "Stages of reaction upon hearing catastrophic news") come into play and can short circuit the even the best educated and experienced designers. The second is that fewer professionals have entertained what it might be like to create designs under the potentially dystopic conditions of life after the age of oil.

Is urban design after the age of oil an oxymoron? Will humanity survive?
I think both mislead in much the same way that E. F. Schumacher says these questions mislead. What is needed, he might say, is to roll up our sleeves and get to work.

What is the work we must do? The signs and symptoms are numerous enough to say that our best hope is to begin the real conversation on life after the age of oil, and life in the age of global climate change. This is a conversation that must include other stakeholders, as articulated in the Manifesto crafted by four working groups convened at the end of the last day.

Which stakeholders should be invited into this conversation? Many come to mind, but among the first must be Daniel Lerch, author of Post Carbon Cities, Rob Hopkins, author of The Transition Handbook, and the Natural Step innovators, Dr. Karl-Henrik Robèrt, and physicist, Dr John Holmberg. Other essential participants include Sandy Wiggins, ex-president of the United States Green Building Council, Amory Lovins, Paul Hawken, Hunter Lovins, (all originally from The Rocky Mountain Institute), Steven Nadel (From the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy), Dr. Wolfgang Feist, Passive House Institute, (Cepheus Project), Harold Finigan (arguably the best informed researcher of net-zero building in the Delaware Valley), and finally, Janine M. Benyus, author of Biomimicry.

During the symposium the idea of including potential consumers of urban design came forth. It was noted that social justice required that the least heard, most impacted, and least powerful should be given a voice to articulate their needs and their reactions to our work. Only when they are invited to take their seat, as equals, at our collective table will there be the full mind and heart power required to address these crucial challenges and perhaps answer the question of urban design after the age of oil.

Comments

Peter Laurence's picture

Penn urban design conference

As one of the organizers of the Penn-Rockefeller urban design conference I'd like to let readers of this thoughtful article know that many of the proposed conference participants mentioned above were either invited and could not attend (we missed Daniel Lerch, for example, because of another engagement), or have speaking fees (up to $40,000 for some mentioned here) that priced them out of the event. Also, one of the ambitions of the conference was to have significant representation from Africa, India, and elsewhere around the world, and not exclusively the North American set. A mixed blessing of bringing many people from around the world from many disciplines (with the idea that "urban design" is a collaborative practice, and not a profession of experts, per se) into the discussion was that there were three simultaneous sessions of multiple panels. As a result no one who attended was able to see much more than a third of the event. Podcasts and video of all sessions are now available, however, on the University of Pennsylvania's iTunes U site at
http://deimos3.apple.com/WebObjects/Core.woa/Browse/isc.upenn.edu.180958....

janaia's picture

Re: Re-imagining Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil unea

Also invite Bryn Davidson of the Dynamic Cities project (Vancouver, B.C.) who incorporates peak oil and climate change into his urban planning/consulting -- through using scenarios. We taped a Peak Moment conversation with him, and he presented at the ASPO-USA 2008 conference.

Janaia
hipnot's picture

Re: Re-imagining Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil une

I went to a lecture by systems ecologist Folke Günther (Inventer of Eco-units). He pointed out his triage concept of cities in the face of peak oil

(As I understand it, triage is used in times of war with many casualties, where you leave the ones who will heal on their own, you leave the ones who will die anyway, and concentrate on those who you have a chance of saving.)

Leave: all small villages and rural areas.. they always manage

Leave: all cities over one million... too big, too much energy dependance

Work with: smaller cities and towns, some chance of solving food and water challenges.

 

My own work with sustainable cites, points to possbilities up to about a million, which has to do with walking distances and availabilty of trains.

My ”article from the future”: http://www.avbp.net/docs/newsletter_1_7_RADIALITY.pdf

 

And there is a video of the city on Youtube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jB22xyjh6kQ

 

hope it gives some inspiration...

 

Steve


Henry-Vermont's picture

Re: Re-imagining Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil



Hi All
I am not a student of current smart growth design and argue for my own lifestyle and consequently own it but having said all that let me throw in my two cents.
I Grew up in Manhattan and as a young adult moved onto a farm in rural Vermont.  It is four miles to the blacktop and 30 miles to our supermarket.  We used to shop once a month.  We are sloppy now and shop more like once a week.  I get to live in nature and find that very spiritually uplifting.  We live a fairly low carbon diet, app 20 tones/Y, but still not as low as our fair share of five tones a year.  Three things will come together to take us to five tons.  Driving electric, sustainably generated distributed energy, and truly high speed internet connections for all with zero latency.  All are in the pipe line.  I think there are many rural dwellers who will cling to their quality of life of being in nature and located fare enough from their neighbors so the their is no problem if they don't mow their lawns or keep a back up junk car. 
As to inner cities: food is a definite problem but transportation and living space heating is pretty darn efficient.  The green gorillas in NYC showed the way a city can at least begin to feed its self.  Gardened green roofs would do much more.  Super efficient trucks (Rocky Mountain Institute with Wal-Mart are going for trucks that use only 25% of the energy) and farming practices that did not waste so much energy and chemicals would also figure in.
Now if you are of the opinion that the entire system will collapse faster than humans can respond then the dense inner cities are in deep trouble.  Areas that import most of their water are also going to fail.
Don't underestimate humans ability to respond if the chips are down,
Henry Swayze
47 Swayze Road
Tunbridge Vermont 05077
802-889-5556
articles, calendars and your discussion
http://www.vtpeakoil.net/community/folder.php?id=2
The First Branch Sustainability Project
 
Buckminster Fuller famously said: "You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete."
Larry Menkes's picture

Re: Re-imagining Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil

Henry,

Thanks for the thoughtful reply. And I totally agree with your Fuller quote.

The Post Carbon Cities document, as well as the Transition Towns version are models of what can be re-engineered and how to do it. They both rely heavily on existing examples. There will be more examples as the pace of adaptation speeds up.

If energy insufficiency (either by supply shortages or high prices) hits faster than gradually, and if sea levels stay put reasonably well, there will be serious disadvantages of high density and rural life. Health care, specialty products and repairs, liquid fuels, and predation are among the challenges of rural life. Food, water, sanitary services, competition and predation (potential civil unrest) are among the shortcomings of dense living.
Relatively well-rounded, versatile small to medium sized communities can be more promising to adapt.

I have no opinion on the timing or pace of collapse, but know that for either model to survive we'll have to get the massive energy waste out of the system. That's what I work on. According to Royal Dutch Shell's MIT vetted calculations we have less than seven years to insufficiency. According to James Hansen, we have less than two years to get cracking on reversing CO2 production. Yet the geological (climate) feedback process is slow and humans are ingenious when their backs are to the wall, and their toes are getting wet from the rising tides.

What's your carbon footprint? Are you the change you want to see in the world?

Larry